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Diasporas in Germany: Object of Social-Humanitarian Discourse and Institutional Status
In the modern socio-humanitarian branch of knowledge, the issues of national policy and inter-ethnic relations are among the key objects of scientific research. This issue has become even more urgent in the context of the discussion of the public initiative to draft a federal law on priority directions of the state national policy in Russia, which has been working on the draft since 2015.
In this respect, the experience of implementing the national policy of Germany is of particular interest, since it was the Federal Republic of Germany in the second half of the 20th and beginning of the 21st centuries faced with an unprecedented influx of migrants and the deformation of a predominantly mono-ethnic population structure. The experience of studying migrants and their diasporas in Germany, as well as the practice of their public institutions functioning, are of practical interest for modern Russian science and public policy both in the study of positive results and in the context of the study of mistakes made.
Unlike the Russian social reality, the diasporas in Germany are the only national-cultural associations in respect of which the state implements the policy of acculturation and integration. In Russia, along with the diasporas, national cultural organizations are created by representatives of the autochthonous population from the number of ethnoco-religious minorities. Both of them act as equal subjects of the state national policy, in relation to which the state implements the priority tasks to preserve the ethno-cultural diversity of the population of Russia. The dualism of the social status of the diaspora in Russia in this case is due to the fact that, on the one hand, the diaspora is an object of preservation, and on the other hand, the subject of the integration of migrants into the Russian society. This creates certain difficulties in the differentiation of instruments of state national and state migration policy in Russia. The German experience points to the need for a more flexible approach in developing the regulatory framework for the
implementation of the state national policy in Russia in the matter of classifying ethnic groups, which will allow fuller use of the potential of their national and cultural institutions in realizing the declared goals of this policy direction.
In this respect, the experience of implementing the national policy of Germany is of particular interest, since it was the Federal Republic of Germany in the second half of the 20th and beginning of the 21st centuries faced with an unprecedented influx of migrants and the deformation of a predominantly mono-ethnic population structure. The experience of studying migrants and their diasporas in Germany, as well as the practice of their public institutions functioning, are of practical interest for modern Russian science and public policy both in the study of positive results and in the context of the study of mistakes made.
Unlike the Russian social reality, the diasporas in Germany are the only national-cultural associations in respect of which the state implements the policy of acculturation and integration. In Russia, along with the diasporas, national cultural organizations are created by representatives of the autochthonous population from the number of ethnoco-religious minorities. Both of them act as equal subjects of the state national policy, in relation to which the state implements the priority tasks to preserve the ethno-cultural diversity of the population of Russia. The dualism of the social status of the diaspora in Russia in this case is due to the fact that, on the one hand, the diaspora is an object of preservation, and on the other hand, the subject of the integration of migrants into the Russian society. This creates certain difficulties in the differentiation of instruments of state national and state migration policy in Russia. The German experience points to the need for a more flexible approach in developing the regulatory framework for the
implementation of the state national policy in Russia in the matter of classifying ethnic groups, which will allow fuller use of the potential of their national and cultural institutions in realizing the declared goals of this policy direction.
diaspora, migrants, identity, integration, national policy, migration policy, historical homeland