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"Eastern Peoples" of the South of Russia in the Context of Soviet National Policy of the 1920s–1930s
The article is devoted to the state policy in relation to a number of ethnic minorities living in the South of Russia in the 1920s and 1930s, which were classified by the regional authorities as the most in need of state support. In a number of documents, they appear under the name of "small Eastern peoples", which included Turkmens, Tatars, Kalmyks, Persians, Assyrians, mountain Jews and other ethnic groups.
The scientific relevance of the problem is due, on the one hand, to the accumulation of a significant body of research on the history of dispersed ethnic groups in the South of Russia. On the other hand, there is a lack of research on the experience of Soviet national policy in its comparative aspect. The dispersed ethnic environment in the region was extremely heterogeneous. This made it necessary to develop a flexible national policy that would take into account the specifics of ethnic groups that had different levels of socio-economic and cultural development.
Public relevance is determined by the need to develop the most effective mechanisms for the integration of ethnic minorities in the South of Russia in modern conditions. The experience of the past will allow us to draw lessons from the achievements and failures of Soviet national policy.
This article aims to identify the main mechanisms and directions of national policy in the South of Russia in relation to the so-called "Eastern peoples", to determine the specifics of their economic and cultural development in the 1920s and 1930s.
As a result, it was found that dispersed ethnic groups in the South of Russia during this period differed not only in ethnic, cultural and linguistic characteristics, but also in the level of their economic development. The least developed ethnic groups have become the object of increased attention from party and state bodies. They were allocated to the group of "small Eastern peoples".
They were distinguished by their extremely small number, high dispersion of settlement, preservation of archaic forms of social structure, low level of economic development and literacy of the population. Based on regional archival material, it was found out that additional support measures were provided to such ethnic groups. In particular, the organization of relocation and compliance with the principle of compactness of residence, providing land on preferential terms, additional financial assistance, tax exemption.
At the same time, some traditional aspects of the life of ethnic minorities were ignored, especially in the area of religion. The result of this policy was a significant reduction in the gap in the cultural and economic development of the "Eastern peoples" with other ethnic groups of the South of Russia.
The scientific relevance of the problem is due, on the one hand, to the accumulation of a significant body of research on the history of dispersed ethnic groups in the South of Russia. On the other hand, there is a lack of research on the experience of Soviet national policy in its comparative aspect. The dispersed ethnic environment in the region was extremely heterogeneous. This made it necessary to develop a flexible national policy that would take into account the specifics of ethnic groups that had different levels of socio-economic and cultural development.
Public relevance is determined by the need to develop the most effective mechanisms for the integration of ethnic minorities in the South of Russia in modern conditions. The experience of the past will allow us to draw lessons from the achievements and failures of Soviet national policy.
This article aims to identify the main mechanisms and directions of national policy in the South of Russia in relation to the so-called "Eastern peoples", to determine the specifics of their economic and cultural development in the 1920s and 1930s.
As a result, it was found that dispersed ethnic groups in the South of Russia during this period differed not only in ethnic, cultural and linguistic characteristics, but also in the level of their economic development. The least developed ethnic groups have become the object of increased attention from party and state bodies. They were allocated to the group of "small Eastern peoples".
They were distinguished by their extremely small number, high dispersion of settlement, preservation of archaic forms of social structure, low level of economic development and literacy of the population. Based on regional archival material, it was found out that additional support measures were provided to such ethnic groups. In particular, the organization of relocation and compliance with the principle of compactness of residence, providing land on preferential terms, additional financial assistance, tax exemption.
At the same time, some traditional aspects of the life of ethnic minorities were ignored, especially in the area of religion. The result of this policy was a significant reduction in the gap in the cultural and economic development of the "Eastern peoples" with other ethnic groups of the South of Russia.
South of Russia, North Caucasus region, dispersed ethnic groups, eastern peoples, national schools, national politics, cultural construction, integration