Ailment of Philosophical Being (Natural Science Experience of Mastering Dialectical Logic)

Among the philosophical questions of natural science and mathematical knowledge there is an important question about the correlation of mathematical logic with that real or imaginary discipline of thought, which is usually called dialectics, or dialectic logic. It is believed that Hegel's Logic of Science and logic of Marx 's “Capital" serve as its source. Proponents of this version of dialectical logic usually indicate that its main feature is a change in attitude to the two basic principles of classical (formal) logic ̶ the law of contradiction and the law of the excluded third. Both of these laws are a consequence of the fact that the logical space, since the time of Aristotle, is divided into two exhaustive and mutually exclusive parts. Supportes of dialectics of Hegelian and Marxist persuasion believe that these two parts of the logical space may overlap, which gives a contradiction, which is not a logical absurdity.
The problem is to create a logical system of thought in which a criterion is established for distinguishing a dialectical contradiction from a logical contradiction-absurdity, from which, according to the law of Duns Scotus, everything follows, both truth and falsehood.
The paper analyzes the attempts to create a dialectical logic, made known Russian philosophers, who are having difficulty with the definition of the ideal. Here the factor is take into account that dialectical logic includes in the scope of its logical operations not only actions in time, but also the actions related to time itself (direct and reverse flow of time).