The History of Kaspiysk City as an Example of the National and Global Socio-Political and Socio-Economic processes (1932–2020)

The paper discusses the history of the Dagestan city of Kaspiysk. The city was founded due to the processes of economic and social modernization of the Soviet state in the period of the early Five-Year Plans. The city-forming industry was a weapon factory, around which a settlement called "Dvigatelstroy" emerged – the early name given to Kaspiysk before the 1947, when it acquired the status of a city. In the pre-war years the factory was one of the largest enterprises in the North Caucasus, and the newly established town Dvigatelstroy became one of the most comfortable settlements in Dagestan. As the Great Patriotic War began, the factory
converted into the manufacture of military products, and schools were turned into makeshift hospitals for the wounded in combat.
After the war, the factory was given the name of “Dagdizel” due to the development of a new product – diesel engines, which were delivered globally. In the early 60s of the 20th century Kaspiysk became a typical socialist city. Its production and scientific-technical potential, supported by the country's military-industrial complex, increased. In that period, other enterprises emerged in the city, such as the “Tochnaya mekhanika” factory and the branch of the “Volga” plant.
Started in 1985, Perestroika ended in 1991 with the collapse of the Soviet Union. It transformed Russia into the new capitalistic system. At this point, the socialist history of the city of Kaspiysk ended. The new stage was accompanied by a deep economic crisis. As a result, more rational forms of territorial organization of the economy arose in the city in the form of agglomerations and territories of advanced social and economic development. These processes are associated with modernization transformations unfolding in Russia in the post-Soviet era.