Features of Verbalization of Sensory Perception of Geographical Objects in Karachay-Balkar Toponyms

One of the most important objects of modern Russian linguistics is the problem of verbal representation of the world perception. The relevance of this aspect is due to the nature of sensory knowledge as a way of constructing a subjective picture of the world, formed on sensory information basis. It is thanks to sensations that a person distinguishes size, taste, color, smell, shape, etc.
of objects and phenomena, which in its turn causes the eternal interest of researchers. The results of the representation of knowledge about the world with the help of the senses (vision, touch, hearing, smell, taste) in the semantics of linguistic units are most clearly represented in the names of geographical objects.
The purpose of this article is to consider the specifics of verbal objectification of sensory perception of geographical objects in Karachay-Balkar toponominations. For this reason we carried out a selection, systematization and analysis of perceptual names of geographical objects. Toponyms presented in specialised dictionaries served as the empirical material for the study.
The analysis of the available factual material has brought us to the conclusion that the basic perceptual signs in the structure of toponyms contain linguistic and cultural information that reflects archetypal ideas about the meaning of perception in everyday life of a human being, and that the perceptual image of a geographical object is based on sensory perception due to the ability to see, observe, and perceive the world as well as to generate the results of the fundamental experience of human interaction with nature, which determines the constancy of the properties represented in nominations.