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The Main Components of the Gidatlins Economic and Cultural Area in the 19th – Early 20th Centuries
The article deals with main components of the Gidatlins economic and cultural area (ECA) in the 19th – early 20th century.
These ancient components were agriculture, gardening, vegetable farming and cattle breeding. Types and systems of agriculture, forms of cattle breeding of Gidatlins – one of the sub-ethnicities of the Avars – are reviewed. The relevance of the research is dictatedby the importance of studying traditional forms, taking into account the experience of previous generations for its implementation in modern conditions of agricultural production by farmers and in personal subsidiary plots. Previously, only certain aspects of the Gidatlins ECA were considered, which did not allow us to single out the criteria that contributed to its isolation into a separate
economic and cultural area. The study aims to analyze the general and specific aspects in the main components of the economy of this area, highlighting the criteria for the mountain-valley subzone of the Gidatlins ECA. That involves field ethnographic research and application of general scientific methods – historical one, the study of written sources and archeological material, etc.
The results of the study indicate that the Gidatlins ECA was characterized by an intensive compacted farming system with seasonal and weather variations in the utilization of land and their additional fertilization and irrigation. In the 19th – early 20th centuries, three economic and cultural types (areas) prevailed in Dagestan. The Gidatlins belonged to the mountainous economic and cultural area, within which the mountain-valley subzone was distinguished. The results obtained made it possible to conclude that the matching of ethnic boundaries with the area characteristics of economic and cultural components gives grounds to distinguish in
the economic and cultural types of Dagestan a special mountain-valley subzone – the Gidatlins ECA.
These ancient components were agriculture, gardening, vegetable farming and cattle breeding. Types and systems of agriculture, forms of cattle breeding of Gidatlins – one of the sub-ethnicities of the Avars – are reviewed. The relevance of the research is dictatedby the importance of studying traditional forms, taking into account the experience of previous generations for its implementation in modern conditions of agricultural production by farmers and in personal subsidiary plots. Previously, only certain aspects of the Gidatlins ECA were considered, which did not allow us to single out the criteria that contributed to its isolation into a separate
economic and cultural area. The study aims to analyze the general and specific aspects in the main components of the economy of this area, highlighting the criteria for the mountain-valley subzone of the Gidatlins ECA. That involves field ethnographic research and application of general scientific methods – historical one, the study of written sources and archeological material, etc.
The results of the study indicate that the Gidatlins ECA was characterized by an intensive compacted farming system with seasonal and weather variations in the utilization of land and their additional fertilization and irrigation. In the 19th – early 20th centuries, three economic and cultural types (areas) prevailed in Dagestan. The Gidatlins belonged to the mountainous economic and cultural area, within which the mountain-valley subzone was distinguished. The results obtained made it possible to conclude that the matching of ethnic boundaries with the area characteristics of economic and cultural components gives grounds to distinguish in
the economic and cultural types of Dagestan a special mountain-valley subzone – the Gidatlins ECA.
new time, economic and cultural types, Avars-Gidatlins, Gidatli economic and cultural area