Toponyms of the Karachay-Balkar Language formed from the Color Appellative ak 'White’ and their Lexical and Semantic Characteristics

The article deals with Karachay-Balkar toponyms with the apellative ak 'white'. The attribute ak 'white' characterizes such geographical objects as mountains, forests, rivers, hills, plateaus, hollows, bridges, meadows, rocks, passes, lakes, etc. Their lexicosemantic and grammatical analyses are carried out. It is noted that these toponyms are one-, two-, three- and four-word in structure.
The latter are rare. It is emphasized that one-word toponyms are represented by non-derivative units and complex lexemes consisting of two bases. Two-word toponyms are represented by definitional phrases constructed according to the models of izafet I, in which both components do not have morphological indicators, and izafet II, the second component of which is marked with the possessive affix 3 l. unit. h. Verbose toponyms are represented by definitional phrases of three types, the components of which are interconnected by adjunction and coordination. The characteristic characteristic of a geographical object is given – directly or indirectly (metaphorically). The motivational features of toponyms of the Karachay-Balkar language with the appellative ak ‘white' are established. The factual material considered in the work testifies in favor of the fact that toponyms, representing a separate category
of words in the lexical system of the Karachay-Balkar language, carry a certain part of ethno-cultural information. It is noted that the main function of toponyms with the appellative ak 'white’ is the characteristic characteristic of objects of the surrounding reality.