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The Ontology of Utopia: Construction of Imaginary Space
The article is devoted to the consideration of two models of the organization of utopian space, which can be conditionally called the utopia of the garden and the utopia of the city. The author relates this issue to the ontology of utopia since it is about the existence of utopia in culture and ways of organizing an imaginary space.
The concept of E. Bloch's utopia, the doctrine of archetypes by C. Jung, as well as the instrumental models of the Garden and the City proposed by G. Günther are chosen as theoretical and methodological tools. The dominance of the urban archetype was based on the ideas of L. Mumford and F. Ainsa. The ontologization of utopia carried out by Bloch made it possible to discover the utopian dimension in various forms of culture and at all stages of its development.
In the second part of the article, the archetypes of the city and the garden are considered on the basis of Greek and Sumerian mythology, the texts of the Old and New Testaments. It is shown that already in the archaic consciousness, the archetypes contained the hope for a better future (utopian function) were preserved in the collective memory of generations, and due to this, the patterns of world perception and behavioral programs were perceived by the utopian genre.
In the fi nal part, the historical dynamics of utopian models of space organization, starting from antiquity, is considered. During the Renaissance, the utopias of the city are subdivided into proper architectural and social ones.
In the first, the ideal of beauty acts as a dominant, in the second, the socio-political component. Interest in the Garden's utopia is growing as disillusionment with technological progress, modernization, and urbanization grows. The architectural
projects of Howard, Wright, Corbusier, on the one hand, and the social utopia of A. Chayanov, on the other, offered various ways to remove the contradiction between the City and the Garden Utopias.
The concept of E. Bloch's utopia, the doctrine of archetypes by C. Jung, as well as the instrumental models of the Garden and the City proposed by G. Günther are chosen as theoretical and methodological tools. The dominance of the urban archetype was based on the ideas of L. Mumford and F. Ainsa. The ontologization of utopia carried out by Bloch made it possible to discover the utopian dimension in various forms of culture and at all stages of its development.
In the second part of the article, the archetypes of the city and the garden are considered on the basis of Greek and Sumerian mythology, the texts of the Old and New Testaments. It is shown that already in the archaic consciousness, the archetypes contained the hope for a better future (utopian function) were preserved in the collective memory of generations, and due to this, the patterns of world perception and behavioral programs were perceived by the utopian genre.
In the fi nal part, the historical dynamics of utopian models of space organization, starting from antiquity, is considered. During the Renaissance, the utopias of the city are subdivided into proper architectural and social ones.
In the first, the ideal of beauty acts as a dominant, in the second, the socio-political component. Interest in the Garden's utopia is growing as disillusionment with technological progress, modernization, and urbanization grows. The architectural
projects of Howard, Wright, Corbusier, on the one hand, and the social utopia of A. Chayanov, on the other, offered various ways to remove the contradiction between the City and the Garden Utopias.
E. Bloch, ontology, utopia, city, garden, archetype, architecture